象牙因其堅韌的質地和華麗的色彩而通常被用作特殊的裝飾和藝術雕刻材料。然而，由于長期掩埋于地下，古象牙經歷了地下水腐蝕、溫度和濕度的變化以及其他環境因素導致其有機成分分解，結構疏松多孔，機械強度下降。出土后立即脫水和風化使其難以運輸和保存。因此，當務之急是要對古象牙文物進行保存和加固，特別是要保證其原始狀態和一定的臨時加固強度，以便進一步保存和運輸。
近期，西安交通大學和玲/潘愛釗課題組針對古象牙文物臨時加固和保存等問題，設計了一種仿生和增強粘合的鈣基礦化水凝膠材料(Ca-gel)，通過控制其組分和含量，實現了可控的凝膠時間和凝膠狀態。通過熒光示蹤技術研究了Ca-gel在象牙粘接界面的分布，并深入研究了其臨時粘接性能，深入評估了其長效保護效果，以實現對古代象牙的真實性、完整性和連續性的臨時加固和保存。Ca-gel 將有望成為臨時加固和文物保護領域的重要工具。該研究成果“Calcium-Based Mineralized Hydrogels for Temporary Reinforcement and Conservation of Ancient Ivory Relics”近期發表于《ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces》。
Figure 1. (a) Synthesis strategy of the Ca-gel adhesive. (b) Photographs of the developed Ca-gel adhesive. SEM (c, d) and SEM-EDS mappings (d1-d4) of Ca-gel. XRD (e), FTIR (f), XPS (g), and TG (h) of Gel (without mineralization) and Ca-gel.
Figure 2. (a) Adhesive strategies for ancient ivory fracture samples (left, direct bonding method) and powderization (right, in situ bonding method). (b) FTIR spectra of untreated ivory and treated Ca-gel/ivory from the in situ bonding method. High-resolution XPS spectra of Ca 2p (c) and C (d) of ivory and Ca-gel/ivory from in situ bonding method. (e) Fluorescence tracer of the ancient ivory treated by Ca-gel-CdTe/ZnS from in situ bonding method. SEM (f, g) and SEM-EDS (g1-g4) of the powdered Ca-gel/ivory from the in-situ bonding method.
Figure 3. (a) Comparison of adhesive properties between Ca-gel and Gel, test mode diagram. (b1) Ca-gel adhesive performance test of the bonded Ca-gel/glass. (b2) Gel (without mineralization) adhesive performance test of the bonded Ca-gel/glass. (c) UVA cycles of Ca-gel/ivory from direct bonding method with standard deviation. (d) HTA cycles of Ca-gel/ivory from direct bonding method with standard deviation. (e) Schematic diagram of protection mechanism of ancient ivory by Ca-gel. (f) Fluorescence tracer technique was used to detect temporary adhesive properties and residual adhesive removal. (g) Temporary adhesive properties of Ca-gel on ancient ivory for direct bonding applications.
Figure 4. (a) Ca-gel-bonded aluminum sheets. (b) Ca-gel-bonded glass sheets. (c) Ca-gel-bonded silicon nitride ceramic sheets. (d) Ca-gel restorative adhesive ceramic bowl and its strength detection. (e) Ca-gel restorative adhesive pottery figurine and its strength detection from the direct bonding method.
西安交通大學化學學院博士生史承鈺為該論文的第一作者，西安交通大學化學學院和玲教授團隊的潘愛釗副教授為該論文通訊作者，該工作還得到了甘肅省敦煌文化遺產保護研究中心（敦煌研究院）牛賀強老師的支持和幫助。該研究得到了國家重點研發計劃(2019YFC1520500)項目和國家自然科學基金（NSFC Grants 52172153）的資助以及西安交通大學分析測試共享中心的支持。
原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14901
